Chrome's desktop notifications are a fast way for keeping an eye on what's new in your Gmail account without having to keep your browser focused on it. In this small tutorial I will show you how to enable email and chat notifications in Google Chrome.
Log into your Gmail account and go to Settings > General. Scrol down to the Desktop Notifications section. As explained there those options allow Gmail to display pop-up notifications on your desktop when new chat and email messages arrive. Turn both notifications on and click the blue link that says "Click here to enable desktop notifications for Gmail".

A bar will appear at the top of your browser saying "Allow mail.google.com to show desktop notifications?" Press Allow and Save your changes.
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Now each time you get a new email or someone contacts you via google talk you will be notified on your desktop. Of course you must have Gmail opened in a tab.

Of course this works for both Chrome and Chromium under Windows and Linux.